| Stereotype threat and women's math performance SJ Spencer, CM Steele, DM Quinn Journal of experimental social psychology 35 (1), 4-28, 1999 | 5899 | 1999 |
| Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat CM Steele, SJ Spencer, J Aronson Advances in experimental social psychology 34, 379-440, 2002 | 3672 | 2002 |
| Establishing a causal chain: why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes. SJ Spencer, MP Zanna, GT Fong Journal of personality and social psychology 89 (6), 845, 2005 | 2641 | 2005 |
| Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. S Fein, SJ Spencer Journal of personality and Social Psychology 73 (1), 31, 1997 | 1985 | 1997 |
| Stereotype threat SJ Spencer, C Logel, PG Davies Annual review of psychology 67 (1), 415-437, 2016 | 1370 | 2016 |
| Clearing the air: identity safety moderates the effects of stereotype threat on women's leadership aspirations. PG Davies, SJ Spencer, CM Steele Journal of personality and social psychology 88 (2), 276, 2005 | 1187 | 2005 |
| Self-image resilience and dissonance: the role of affirmational resources. CM Steele, SJ Spencer, M Lynch Journal of personality and social psychology 64 (6), 885, 1993 | 1124 | 1993 |
| Consuming images: How television commercials that elicit stereotype threat can restrain women academically and professionally PG Davies, SJ Spencer, DM Quinn, R Gerhardstein Personality and social psychology bulletin 28 (12), 1615-1628, 2002 | 1092 | 2002 |
| African Americans and high blood pressure: The role of stereotype threat J Blascovich, SJ Spencer, D Quinn, C Steele Psychological science 12 (3), 225-229, 2001 | 1052 | 2001 |
| Secure and defensive high self-esteem. CH Jordan, SJ Spencer, MP Zanna, E Hoshino-Browne, J Correll Journal of personality and social psychology 85 (5), 969, 2003 | 997 | 2003 |
| When do stereotypes come to mind and when do they color judgment? A goal-based theoretical framework for stereotype activation and application. Z Kunda, SJ Spencer Psychological bulletin 129 (4), 522, 2003 | 911 | 2003 |
| Mere belonging: the power of social connections. GM Walton, GL Cohen, D Cwir, SJ Spencer Journal of personality and social psychology 102 (3), 513, 2012 | 903 | 2012 |
| Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: going to extremes and being oneself. I McGregor, MP Zanna, JG Holmes, SJ Spencer Journal of personality and social psychology 80 (3), 472, 2001 | 886 | 2001 |
| Coping with negative stereotypes about intellectual performance: The role of psychological disengagement B Major, S Spencer, T Schmader, C Wolfe, J Crocker Personality and social psychology bulletin 24 (1), 34-50, 1998 | 849 | 1998 |
| Two brief interventions to mitigate a “chilly climate” transform women’s experience, relationships, and achievement in engineering. GM Walton, C Logel, JM Peach, SJ Spencer, MP Zanna Journal of educational Psychology 107 (2), 468, 2015 | 762 | 2015 |
| Latent ability: Grades and test scores systematically underestimate the intellectual ability of negatively stereotyped students GM Walton, SJ Spencer Psychological science 20 (9), 1132-1139, 2009 | 664 | 2009 |
| Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be. AC Kay, D Gaucher, JM Peach, K Laurin, J Friesen, MP Zanna, ... Journal of personality and social psychology 97 (3), 421, 2009 | 627 | 2009 |
| Stereotype threat and the academic underperformance of minorities and women J Aronson, DM Quinn, SJ Spencer Prejudice, 83-103, 1998 | 627 | 1998 |
| The interference of stereotype threat with women's generation of mathematical problem‐solving strategies DM Quinn, SJ Spencer Journal of social issues 57 (1), 55-71, 2001 | 569 | 2001 |
| Automatic activation of stereotypes: The role of self-image threat SJ Spencer, S Fein, CT Wolfe, C Fong, MA Duinn Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24 (11), 1139-1152, 1998 | 530 | 1998 |
